The urbanization process in Bangladesh is a complex and multifaceted process, reflecting the interaction of many aspects such as economic development, social change, and policy orientation. Since the 1980s, with the acceleration of global economic integration, the pace of urbanization in Bangladesh has significantly increased, with a rapid increase in urban population and a gradual expansion of the urban-rural gap. First, Bangladesh’s urbanization process is closely related to its economic developmentNagad88. With the advancement of the industrialization process, especially the rise of the garment manufacturing industry, many people have flooded into cities in search of job opportunitiesIvibet. According to statistics, since 2000, the population of major cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong has increased significantly, with the urbanization rate rising from 23% in 2000 to about 38% in 2021. This rapid urbanization has driven the improvement of urban infrastructure, including transportation, housing, and public facilities, although many challenges still exist in terms of resource allocation. Second, social factors are also an important force driving urbanizationMostplay. The improvement of education levels and the convenience of information dissemination have made more and more people realize the superiority of urban life. This change in concept has prompted rural populations to migrate to cities in pursuit of better education and medical conditions. However, urbanization has also brought many social problems, such as high housing prices, traffic congestion, and the formation of slums, which urgently require the implementation of measures by the state and local governments. Policy orientation has also played an important role in Bangladesh’s urbanization process. In recent years, a series of policies have been formulated to promote the sustainable development of urbanizationBaji. For example, the